PIOCO and Nursing Evidence Based Practice

Question: Make a Design for Change proposition comprehensive of your PICO and proof examination data from your Capstone Project. Answer: Presentation: In a way to deal with address the key necessities of this specific task an activity will be in a matter of seconds embraced wherein a John Hopkins Nursing Evidence-based Practice model will be applied to break down a planned PICO question. The case of a clinic of Royal Adelaide Hospital, Australia have been refered to wherein the regulatory and the clinical group has underlined on social event pertinent data related with the agony the executives of the in critical condition grown-up populace. Center was likewise given to comprehend whether morphine in contrast with different opiates is increasingly powerful in torment the executives wherein an expanded portion of morphine can create a positive result. Henceforth the data absorbed was comprehensive of database, diaries that was additionally trailed by evaluation at an authoritative level. The Practice question: Following a broad data osmosis and evaluation the clinical group and the regulatory units of the concerned emergency clinic sent a training question that has been planned in arrangement with the PICO responsible structure. The training question is as per the following: PICO question is as per the following: In older grown-ups with a terminal disease are opiates of Morphine bound to expand their resilience and afterward bring about the requirement for increment portions of morphine? Old Adults with terminal sickness Diverse agony control technique, for example, Methadone Fluid Morphine (Roxanol) Less requirement for expanded dosages of Morphine Proof: The EBP colleagues were found to play out a broad writing search with the assistance of different online pursuit databases to be specific Pub Med, Science Direct and Cochrane utilizing the catchphrases like morphine, Liquid morphine or Roxanol, Methadone and torment the executives in critically ill grown-ups. The data that was found to hold up under importance with the subject of appraisal were additionally passed on to the concerned clinics. In addition on location preparing was likewise directed in the concerned medical clinic by the EBPO group to improve the nursing mediations abilities of the attendants related with torment the executives of the in critical condition grown-up patients. In this way alluding to the data assembled through broad writing search positive results of methadone application in contrast with viability of fluid morphine or Roxanol is apparent as a superior torment the executives instrument for the in critical condition understanding. Henceforth in understanding to the confirmations assembled a few proposals are referenced beneath can convey positive wellbeing result for the concerned patient: Methadone can be a recommended as a medication for diminishing the agony force in the terminal grown-up patients as this medication being exceptionally lipophilic in nature is retained quickly The use of methadone is prescribed on the grounds that contrasted with morphine this medication is without any dynamic metabolites and henceforth don't have any noteworthy effect on hepatic digestion process. As methadone has as N-methyl-D Aspartate (NMDA) receptor rival this specific property is seen as critical with decreased affinity to create narcotic resilience contrasted with morphine the medication is enthusiastically suggested for the patients with neuropathic torment. Utilization of methadone is likewise prescribed to patients with non-dangerous torment disorder. Likewise to out of commission patients and furthermore in patients with allodynia and are not fit for oral admission of prescriptions contrasted with transdermal utilization of morphine methadone is proposed. As methadone is found to deliver long impact of activity whenever applied through rectal organization, the medical caretakers should get familiar with the powerful application abilities in this regard. It is additionally suggested that the attendants ought to obtain legitimate preparing and comprehend the noteworthiness of portion for methadone application. Interpretation: In consistence with the John Hopkins Nursing Evidence Based Practice Model the concerned medicinal services group and the nursing experts of the refered to emergency clinic has additionally considered being developed of a torment appraisal instrument wherein certain nursing mediations has been joined as rules. The agony appraisal scales considered for this situation are 0-10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Visual Analog Scale, Verbal Pain Intensity Scale, Neuropathy Pain Scale and Descriptor Differential Scale. Moreover a pilot study was additionally chosen to be directed for the monetary year 2016 including 50 in critical condition grown-up patients conceded in the clinic for the examination. In this manner both the confirmations accumulated and the pilot study asserted better result of use of methadone contrasted with that of fluid morphine that was powerful for decreasing the force of torment in the in critical condition patients. End: The examination and writing survey was found to effectively address the prerequisites of the PICO question created and noteworthy association and energy was clear among the nursing experts of the concerned clinic. Subsequently the related staffs of the Royal Adelaide Hospital understood the operational adequacy and down to earth plausibility of the John Hopkins Nursing Evidence based Practice Model. References: American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing: Scope and guidelines of training (third ed.). Silver Spring, MD. Creator Chamberlain College of Nursing. (2016) NR-451 Week 2: The clinical inquiry. [Online lesson]. Killjoys Grove, IL: DeVry Education Group. Dearholt, S. L., Dang, D. (2014). Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice: Model and Guidelines (second ed.). Indianapolis, IN: Sigma Theta Tau International Gardiner, C., Gott, M., Ingleton, C., Hughes, P., Winslow, M., Bennett, M. (2012). Perspectives of Health Care Professionals to Opioid Prescribing in End-of-Life Care: A Qualitative Focus Group Study.Journal Of Pain And Symptom Management,44(2), 206-214. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.09.008 Love, R. Average, K. (2014). Topical Methadone: An Alternative for Pain Control in End-of-Life Management.Journal Of Palliative Medicine,17(2), 128-128. https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2013.0517 Manfredonia, J. (2005). Endorsing Methadone for Pain Management in End-of-Life Care.The Journal Of The American Osteopathic Association,105(3_suppl), 18S-21S. Recovered from https://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2093089 Porteous, A., Robson, P., Lee, M. (2013). End-of-Life Management of Patients Who Have Been Established on Oral Methadone for Pain Control.Journal Of Palliative Medicine,16(8), 820-820. https://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jpm.2013.0048

Sequences on SAT Math Complete Strategy and Review

Successions on SAT Math Complete Strategy and Review SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips A progression of numbers that follows a specific example is known as a succession. Some of the time, each new term is found by including or deducting a specific consistent, at times by duplicating or separating. Inasmuch as the example is the equivalent for each new term, the numbers are said to lie in an arrangement. Grouping addresses will have various moving parts and pieces, and you will consistently have a few unique choices to browse so as to take care of the issue. We’ll stroll through all the techniques for comprehending grouping questions, just as the advantages and disadvantages for each. You will probably observe two succession inquiries on some random SAT, so remember this as you locate your ideal harmony between time systems and retention. This will be your finished manual for SAT succession problemsthe kinds of groupings you’ll see, the commonplace arrangement addresses that show up on the SAT, and the most ideal approaches to take care of these sorts of issues for your specific SAT test taking techniques. What Are Sequences? You will see two unique sorts of arrangements on the SATarithmetic and geometric. A math arrangement is a grouping wherein each progressive term is found by including or taking away a steady worth. The contrast between each termfound by deducting any two sets of neighboring termsis called $d$, the basic distinction. 14, 11, 8, 5†¦ is a math arrangement with a typical contrast of - 3. We can discover the $d$ by taking away any two sets of numbers in the arrangement, inasmuch as the numbers are close to each other. $11 - 14 = - 3$ $8 - 11 = - 3$ $5 - 8 = - 3$ 14, 17, 20, 23... is a math succession wherein the basic distinction is +3. We can discover this $d$ by again taking away combines of numbers in the arrangement. $17 - 14 = 3$ $20 - 17 = 3$ $23 - 20 = 3$ A geometric arrangement is a succession of numbers wherein each new term is found by increasing or separating the past term by a consistent worth. The contrast between each termfound by separating any neighboring pair of termsis called $r$, the normal proportion. 64, 16, 4, 1, †¦ is a geometric arrangement wherein the regular proportion is $1/4$. We can discover the $r$ by isolating any pair of numbers in the grouping, inasmuch as they are close to each other. $16/64 = 1/4$ $4/16 = 1/4$ $1/4 = 1/4$ Ready...set...let's discussion grouping recipes! Grouping Formulas Fortunately for us, groupings are altogether normal. This implies we can utilize recipes to discover any bit of them we pick, for example, the principal term, the nth term, or the whole of every one of our terms. Do remember, however, that there are advantages and disadvantages for retaining equations. Prosformulas furnish you with a speedy method to discover your answers. You don't need to work out the full arrangement by hand or invest your constrained test-taking energy counting your numbers (and conceivably entering them wrong into your mini-computer). Consit can be anything but difficult to recall a recipe mistakenly, which would be more terrible than not having an equation by any stretch of the imagination. It additionally is a cost of mental aptitude to retain recipes. In the event that you are somebody who wants to work with recipes, unquestionably feel free to learn them! Be that as it may, in the event that you loathe utilizing equations or stress that you won't recall them precisely, at that point you are still in karma. Most SAT arrangement issues can be settled longhand in the event that you have the opportunity to save, so you won't need to fret about retaining your equations. That all being stated, it’s imperative to comprehend why the equations work, regardless of whether you don't plan to remember them. So let’s investigate. Number juggling Sequence Formulas $$a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d$$ $$Sum erms = (n/2)(a_1 + a_n)$$ These are our two significant number juggling succession equations. We’ll take a gander at them each in turn to perceive any reason why they work and when to utilize them on the test. Terms Formula $a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d$ This equation permits you to locate any individual bit of your math sequencethe first term, the nth term, or the regular contrast. To start with, we’ll take a gander at why it works and afterward take a gander at certain issues in real life. $a_1$ is the primary term in our succession. Despite the fact that the grouping can go on unendingly, we will consistently have a beginning stage at our first term. (Note: you can likewise dole out any term to be your first term in the event that you have to. We’ll take a gander at how and why we can do this in one of our models.) $a_n$ speaks to any missing term we need to segregate. For example, this could be the fourth term, the 58th, or the 202nd. So for what reason accomplishes this recipe work? Envision that we needed to locate the second term in a grouping. Well each new term is found by including the normal distinction, or $d$. This implies the subsequent term would be: $a_2 = a_1 + d$ What's more, we would then locate the third term in the grouping by adding another $d$ to our current $a_2$. So our third term would be: $a_3 = (a_1 + d) + d$ Or on the other hand, as it were: $a_3 = a_1 + 2d$ In the event that we continue onward, the fourth term of the sequencefound by adding another $d$ to our current third termwould proceed with this example: $a_4 = (a_1 + 2d) + d$ $a_4 = a_1 + 3d$ We can see that each term in the arrangement is found by including the principal term, $a_1$, to a $d$ that is increased by $n - 1$. (The third term is $2d$, the fourth term is $3d$, and so on.) So since we know why the recipe works, let’s see it in real life. Presently, there are two different ways to fathom this problemusing the recipe, or just checking. Let’s take a gander at the two techniques. Strategy 1arithmetic arrangement equation In the event that we utilize our recipe for number juggling groupings, we can discover our $a_n$ (for this situation $a_12$). So let us just module our numbers for $a_1$ and $d$. $a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d$ $a_12 = 4 + (12 - 1)7$ $a_12 = 4 + (11)7$ $a_12 = 4 + 77$ $a_12 = 81$ Our last answer is B, 81. Technique 2counting Since the distinction between each term is ordinary, we can find that distinction by essentially adding our $d$ to each progressive term until we arrive at our twelfth term. Obviously, this technique will take somewhat more time than just utilizing the recipe, and it is anything but difficult to forget about your place. The test producers know this and will give answers that are a couple of spots off, so make a point to keep your work sorted out with the goal that you don't succumb to trap answers. To start with, line up your twelve terms and afterward fill in the spaces by adding 7 to each new term. 4, 11, 18, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___ 4, 11, 18, 25, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___ 4, 11, 18, 25, 32, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___ Etc, until you get: 4, 11, 18, 25, 32, 39, 46, 53, 60, 67, 74, 81 Once more, the twelfth term is B, 81. Entirety Formula $Sum erms = (n/2)(a_1 + a_n)$ Our subsequent math arrangement equation reveals to us the whole of a lot of our terms in a succession, from the main term ($a_1$) to the nth term ($a_n$). Fundamentally, we do this by duplicating the quantity of terms, $n$, by the normal of the principal term and the nth term. For what reason accomplishes this equation work? Well let’s take a gander at a number juggling arrangement in real life: 10, 16, 22, 28, 34, 40 This is a number juggling arrangement with a typical contrast, $d$, of 6. A perfect stunt you can do with any math grouping is to take the total of the sets of terms, beginning from the exterior in. Each pair will have the equivalent precise entirety. So you can see that the entirety of the succession is $50 * 3 = 150$. As such, we are taking the entirety of our first term and our nth term (for this situation, 40 is our sixth term) and increasing it by half of $n$ (for this situation $6/2 = 3$). Another approach to consider it is to take the normal of our first and nth terms${10 + 40}/2 = 25$ and afterward increase that esteem by the quantity of terms in the sequence$25 * 6 = 150$. In any case, you are utilizing a similar essential equation. How you like to think about the condition and whether you favor $(n/2)(a_1 + a_n)$ or $n({a_1 + a_n}/2)$, is totally up to you. Presently let’s take a gander at the equation in real life. Kyle began a new position as a telemarketer and, consistently, he should make 3 more calls than the day past. On the off chance that he made 10 calls his first day, and he meets his objective, what number of all out calls does he make in his initial fourteen days, on the off chance that he works each and every day? 413 416 426 429 489 Similarly as with practically all succession inquiries on the SAT, we have the decision to utilize our equations or do the difficult longhand. Let’s attempt the two different ways. Technique 1formulas We realize that our equation for math arrangement totals is: $Sum = (n/2)(a_1 + a_n)$ In any case, we should initially discover the estimation of our $a_n$ so as to utilize this equation. By and by, we can do this by means of our first number juggling succession equation, or we can discover it by hand. As we are as of now utilizing equations, let us utilize our first recipe. $a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d$ We are informed that Kyle makes 10 calls on his first day, so our $a_1$ is 10. We additionally realize that he makes 3 additional calls each day, for an aggregate of 2 entire weeks (14 days), which implies our $d$ is 3 and our $n$ is 14. We have every one of our pieces to finish this first equation. $a_n = a_1 + (n - 1)d$ $a_14 = 10 + (14 - 1)3$ $a_14 = 10 + (13)3$ $a_14 = 10 + 39$ $a_14 = 49$ What's more, since we have our incentive for $a_n$ (for this situation $a_14$), we can finish our total recipe. $(n/2)(a_1 + a_n)$ $(14/2)(10 + 49)$ $7(59)$ $413$ Our last answer is A, 413. Strategy 2longhand Then again, we can tackle this issue by doing it longhand. It will take somewhat more, however along these lines likewise conveys less danger of erroneously recall our recipes. As usual, how you decide to tackle these issues is totally up to you. To start with, let us work out our arrangement, starting with 10 and adding 3 to every aftereffect number, until we locate our nth (fourteenth) term. 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46, 49 Presently, we can either include them up all by hand$10 + 13 + 16 + 19 + 22 + 25 + 28 + 31 + 34 + 37 + 40 + 43 + 46 + 49 = 413$ Or then again we can utilize our number juggling succession entirety stunt a

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Developing Your GMAT Study Plan

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Developing Your GMAT Study Plan With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series, Manhattan Prep‘s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Help! I need to get ready for the GMATâ€"where do I even start? You need to make a few major decisions at the beginning, starting with this one: do you want to study on your own, take a class, or work with a private tutor? Each path has its advantages and disadvantages;  this article  can help you decide. Next, if you take a class or work with a tutor, then your teacher will give you a study plan, at least for the length of time that you are working together. If not, you will have to  devise your own study plan. This will take some effort, but it is not rocket scienceâ€"if you are thoughtful and thorough, you can put together a very good study plan. I want to point out a couple of highlights from the study plan article. First, you need to know your goal and your starting point; if you do not know what level you are at right now or what score you are trying to achieve, then putting together a good study plan is impossible. Second, you are going to need study materials that fall into three broad categories: (1) test content and methodology (what to study and how to study), (2) practice questions (best source: Official Guide and other official practice question materials), and (3) practice tests. Finally, make sure that you know  how  to study/learn in an efficient and effective manner. Hint: doing 2,000 practice problems does NOT equal “efficient and effective.” Nor does taking a practice test every three days, or even every week. Read the article for more! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact Developing Your GMAT Study Plan When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Help! I need to get ready for the GMATâ€"where do I even start? You need to make a few major decisions at the beginning, starting with this one: do you want to study on your own, take a class or work with a private tutor? Each path has its advantages and disadvantages; this article can help you decide. Next, if you take a class or work with a tutor, then your teacher will give you a study plan, at least for the length of time that you are working together. If not, you will have to devise your own study plan. This will take some effort, but it is not rocket scienceâ€"if you are thoughtful and thorough, you can put together a very good study plan. I want to point out a couple of highlights from the Study Plan article. First, you need to know your goal and your starting point; if you do not know what level you are at right now or what score you are trying to achieve, then putting together a good study plan is impossible. Second, you are going to need study materials that fall into three broad categories: (1) test content and methodology (what to study and how to study), (2) practice questions (best source: Official Guide and other official practice question materials) and (3) practice tests. Finally, make sure that you know how to study/learn in an efficient and effective manner. Hint: doing 2,000 practice problems does NOT equal “efficient and effective.” Nor does taking a practice test every three days, or even every week. Read the article for more! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact Developing Your GMAT Study Plan With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Help! I need to get ready for the GMATâ€"where do I even start? You need to make a few major decisions at the beginning, starting with this one: do you want to study on your own, take a class, or work with a private tutor? Each path has its advantages and disadvantages;  this article  can help you decide. Next, if you take a class or work with a tutor, then your teacher will give you a study plan, at least for the length of time that you are working together. If not, you will have to  devise your own study plan. This will take some effort, but it is not rocket scienceâ€"if you are thoughtful and thorough, you can put together a very good study plan. I want to point out a couple of highlights from the study plan article. First, you need to know your goal and your starting point; if you do not know what level you are at right now or what score you are trying to achieve, then putting together a good study plan is impossible. Second, you are going to need study materials that fall into three broad categories: (1) test content and methodology (what to study and how to study), (2) practice questions (best source: Official Guide and other official practice question materials), and (3) practice tests. Finally, make sure that you know  how  to study/learn in an efficient and effective manner. Hint: doing 2,000 practice problems does not equal “efficient and effective.” Nor does taking a practice test every three days, or even every week. Read the article for more! Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

Essay about Coffee Supply, Demand and Price Elasticity

Coffee Supply, Demand, and Price Elasticity Team B: Walelia Naholowa’a, Priscilla Swanson, Delniece Williams, Nigel Sturge ECO/212 Robert Coates February 26, 2012 Coffee Supply, Demand, and Price of Elasticity Statistics show that over half of the American population consumes coffee on a daily basis. You may drink coffee hot, cold, mixed, or even in a frappuccino. Individuals are able to make coffee at home, or buy it on the go. Coffee provides people with caffeine, which ultimately gives energy for hardworking people all around the world. The main focus for this paper will cover the following topics, with coffee as the basis: causes for shifts in supply and demand, how coffee supply and demand influence price, quantity,†¦show more content†¦Changes in the equilibrium price and quantity depend on exactly how the curves shift (Berkeley University, n.d.). How supply and demand influence price, quantity, and market equilibrium These shifts in supply and demand would influence price, quantity, and market equilibrium because of the natural disasters, shift in prices or speculation the supply of coffee decreases, which would cause a significant product shortage for consumers. Due to a shortage, consumers would to pay higher prices in order to purchase coffee and all coffee producers would then demand a higher price in order to produce more products. Higher prices are beneficial to the producers of the product, but consumer would purchase fewer products. Lower product pricing would discourage coffee production, but would benefit consumers. Both supply and demand would balance consumption, which is demand and production, which is supply. Market speculation would also drive the price of coffee up or down. For instance a study issued by the Harvard medical school in August 2004 states that â€Å"coffee consumed in moderation is safe and offers health benefits such as lowering the risk of gallstones and type two diabetes, and reduced cancer risk for women.† This speculation because of the health benefits publish may drive the market price of coffee.Show MoreRelatedSupply, Demand and Price Elasticity of Coffee1001 Words   |  5 Pagesoften have is: where is the coffee? The price of coffee fluctuates no matter what quantity is sold. The following paper will discuss what makes the price of coffee rise and what consumers do when the price is more than they are willing to pay. Many factors are taken into consideration when the price of coffee is being determined. The main two factors are the supply that is demanded and the availability of substitutes, which will be discussed below. 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Etiology of Pediatric Obesity - 776 Words

Fast food, as an aspect of our cultural identity, alone, cannot be responsible for the epidemic of childhood obesity in the United States, as the behavior of children is largely reliant on the influences of their parents. Home and social environments, parenting styles, family-feeding practices are the primary influences on early childhood nutritional behaviors. Obesity is a serious and widespread health problem in only certain kinds of societies characterized by economic modernizations, food surplus, and social acceptance. GENETICS During adiposity, around 5 to 6 years of age, a child’s body fatness declines to a minimum before increasing into adulthood. A study conducted at Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound found evidence of normal weight children with at least one overweight parent at the time of adiposity rebound, is nearly 5 times as likely to be obese as an adult. 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Imaging Data Reveal a Higher Pediatric Stroke Incidence Than Prior US Estimates. Stroke. 17 September 2009. American Heart Association, Inc. 29 April 2011. . This paper is important as it discusses the incidence and risk factors of stroke in children and newborns. The significanceRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effect On The Health Of Human Beings Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: CHILDHOOD OBESITY​​1 Childhood Obesity Name: Institution: Date:  Childhood Obesity Introduction Obesity is unusual or excessive fat accumulation that affects the health of human beings. It is connected with disorders such as hypertension and diabetes. Obesity is also a state of imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. 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Obesity is measured by using Body Mass Index (BMI) in children 2 years of age and older. The BMI is calculated by the body weight (in kilograms) divided by the height squared in meters. In adults, a BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2 is regarded as overweight and a BMI greater or equal to 30 kg/m2 is regarded as obese. Obesity in adults is subcategorized as class I (BMI ≠¥30Read MoreEtiology And Treatment Of Pediatric Medulloblastoma2013 Words   |  9 PagesEtiology and Treatment of Pediatric Medulloblastoma The three most common malignant pediatric tumors include retinoblastoma, gliablastoma, and medulloblastoma (Wechsler-Reya Scott, 2001). Medulloblastoma is a rapidly growing tumor found in the cerebellum; the part of the brain responsible for posture, balance, and complex motor functions such as swallowing and speech (American Brain Tumor Association [ABTA], 2014). There are five different types of medulloblastoma; classic, large-cell, desmoplastic

The Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William...

The Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare When love is in attendance it brings care, faith, affection and intimacy. This is proved true in the spectacular play A Midsummer Nights Dream written by William Shakespeare. This play displays the facts about lust, hatred, jealousy and their roles in something powerfully desirable. It is entitled love. Love is present everywhere, in every form, in every condition and even when one least expects it. True love is like a precious black pearl, it is so rare that many believe it to be a myth, but Hermia and Lysander found true love according to the following excerpt said by Lysander from A Midsummer Nights Dream. ...The†¦show more content†¦It is part of the human nature to love and be loved by a friend, a relative, or a partner. Separating the love in siblinghood and friendship is hard for people that have known each other all their lives, just as Helena justified when she asked Hermia why she deserved being mocked, trying to prod Hermia into feeling guilty. ...Sisters vows...school days friendship...our needles created both one flower...so we grew together...like a double cherry...in union in partition...one heart...our ancient love... (3.2.202-218) The friendship between Hermia and Helena were so close that it was identical to sisterhood except the fact that they did not share the same blood. The love of friendship is one of those types that no one can live without; it is as essential to life as water is. Love surrounds everyone, but when one loses the love of one they also loved, it comes as a shocking unbelievable incident, and sometimes so shocking that it is similar to a bad dream. Times like these are tough, that is when one needs the love and support that family and friends can offer. Loving one that loves one back is an easy task to accomplish, but loving them without them loving one back is a degrading, embarrassing task and only the bold, courageous, and madly in love people would do such things. The following passage was extractedShow MoreRelatedThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare In A Midsummer Nights Dream, Shakespeare presents us with multiple types of love by using numerous couples in various different situations. For example: Doting loves, the love induced by Oberons potion and in some aspects, Lysander and Hermias love for each other; there are true loves: Oberon and Titania, Lysander and Hermia (for the first half at least, as Lysanders love switches to Helena temporarily)Read MoreThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Love in A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare In the play ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ many aspects of love are explored. In this essay I will be exploring how Shakespeare conveys the theme of love including illusion, confusion, escape, harmony and lust. Historically, it has been suggested that ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream’ was written for a wedding, signifying the importance of love in this play, however there is no real evidence to prove thisRead MoreThe Theme of True Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare744 Words   |  3 PagesThe Theme of True Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare The overriding theme of the play A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare deals with the nature of love. Though true love seems to be held up as an ideal, false love is mostly what we are shown. Underneath his frantic comedy, Shakespeare seems to be asking the questions all lovers ask in the midst of their confusion: How do we know when love is real? How can we trust ourselves that love is real when we areRead MoreWeathering the Storms of True Love1159 Words   |  5 Pagestrue love hugging and kissing as the moon smiles down upon them, seems like the perfect situation for true love. Unfortunately, nothing could be further from the truth. Shakespeare presents the truth about true love in his comical tragedy A Midsummer Nights Dream. Lysander clearly stated loves situation when he told Hermia the course of true love never did run smooth (Griffiths 94). In some ways Lysanders declaration becomes the plays structural and thematic point by which Shakespeare usesRead MoreWillia m Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1474 Words   |  6 Pagesinstance, one could look at the movies A Midsummer Night’s Dream and Shakespeare in Love. The latter follows the life of William Shakespeare himself, everything from his love affair with Viola de Lesseps to his creation of Romeo and Juliet. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, is one of the most famous plays of Shakespeare’s, revolving around the tumultuous relationships of four lovers, aided, and sometimes thwarted by the mischief of fairies. 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He seamlessly toys with the boundaries between fantasy and reality. Among the patterns within the play, one is controlled and ordered by a series of contrasts: the conflict of the sleeping and waking states, the interchange of reality and illusion, and the mirrored worlds of Fairy and Human. A Midsummer Nights Dream gives us insightRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1482 Words   |  6 PagesA Midsummer Night’s Dream: by William Shakespeare William Shakespeare was born in April 1564. He had married at the age of eighteen to a twenty-six year old woman named Anne Hathaway in 1582. He had a daughter named Susanna and twins, Judith and Hamnet. Hamnet, his only son, died at age eleven. Shakespeare died in April 1616. Despite the fact that Shakespeare wrote some thirty-seven plays, owned part of his theatrical company, acted in plays, and retired a relatively wealthy man in the cityRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream Essay854 Words   |  4 PagesA Midsummer NIght’s Dream A â€Å" Midsummer Night’s Dream† is a classical play written by William Shakespeare. It is one of his more eccentric piece of work. The play is about the struggle of love between four essential characters: Hermia, Lysander, Demetrius , and Helena. However, it is not quite that simple. The play is quite confusing. In â€Å"Midsummer Night’s dream† the play take place in two realms fairy realm and human realm, two of the three main settings. Another one of the settings take placeRead MoreA Descriptive Bibliography Of Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream 1542 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† William Shakespeare was born April 1564 and grew up in Strafford-upon-Avon. He wrote â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† in his early years as a playwright. He also wrote the play is a mixture of romance and comedy. It tells the story of four young people who fall in love with each other with the aid of magic. Shakespeare managed to create a dream world for the audience using the characters tied to a plot filled with antics and themes that everyone can

Empirical Science Of Financial Fluctuation â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Empirical Science Of Financial Fluctuation? Answer: Introduction: The main purpose of this report is to analyse the financial performance of Caltex and BHP Billiton Petroleum which are considered as major petroleum companies across Australia. In order to analyse the financial performance, top down analysis and bottom up analysis has been performed in this report. The company analysis, industry analysis and economical analysis are vital aspects for the top down analysis which has been used in this report. The entire analysis is based on the key statistics of petroleum industry across Australia. Further, different financial ratios have been analysed for both companies on basis of 2017 data during the bottom up analysis. The different ratios like profitability, capital structure, and market performance as well as efficiency ratios have been analysed in order to compare the financial performance of two companies in this report. Industry Profile: The petroleum industry is selected for this report in order to analyse the financial performance of two companies named Caltex Australia and BHP Billiton Petroleum. Petroleum remained major energy source for Australia in 2016 followed by cola and natural gas. The production of petroleum products in Australia has been significantly increased from 2000 (APPEA, 2016). The amount of exploration has been the key factor for growth of petroleum industry in Australia. The depression within the prices of crude oil is significantly affecting activities of petroleum exploration which has also reduced overall revenues of companies due to lower expenditure on exploration. (Source: APPEA, 2016) The different amount of petroleum or its related products have been imported and exported by Australia from past several years. But due to reduction of oil production at domestic level, the country is mainly indulged in import activities. The industry is very significant for the economical conditions of Australia and provides several opportunities for petroleum companies to invest in the region (Petty et al, 2015). Australia has rich sedimentary basins, free marketing policies; competitive taxation system, closer proximity to Asia-pacific market and several are other benefits which can be provided by this industry to different companies across the globe as well as domestic level. Caltex Australia: Caltex Australia is one of the major petroleum companies listed in Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) which has equal ownership shared between Australian Shareholders and Chevron. The company was started in 1936 and was renamed as Caltex in 1968. The company is performing its business operations in above 60 countries across the globe including Southern Africa, Middle East as well as Asia-Pacific region. The main mission of the company is to be leading oil refining company mostly admired for companys performance, partnership and people (Caltex, 2017). The company is also focussed to maintain its sustained profitability with leadership in supply chain, asset and brand management by developing more opportunities under favourable business environment. The company has generated about 17,619M AUD in 2016 and has also witnessed great increase in its earnings per share which was good sign for the company in terms of its financial stability and overall profitability. BHP Billiton Petroleum: BHP Billiton Petroleum is a major Australian multinational company listed in ASE which is petroleum, metals and mining company headquartered at Melbourne in Australia. The company was established in 1885 and considered as biggest mining company of the world in terms of market values in 2016 and also fourth biggest company of Australia in terms of its overall revenues and market capitalisation. The main mission of the company is to enhance value of company by focusing on key areas including cost efficiencies, latent capacity, exploration, major projects, technology as well as onshore activities (BHP, 2017). The main organizational strategy of company to operate and own large, low cost, long life, upstream and expandable assets diversified with market, geography and commodity. The company has generated 30,912M AUD revenues in 2016 which are less as compared with past years due to variations in the prices of crude oil across the international market. The company has also witnessed reduc tion in its earnings per share which is also not good for its financial performance and may affect its economical stability in coming years. Top Down analysis: Top down analysis is significant approach for analysing the industrial and economical factors which can help organizations for their investment objectives. The specific industries are analysed using this approach that surely helps the organizations for better return on investments (Renz, 2016). The various factors can be used for analysing the true economical conditions including interest rates, exchange rates, GDP rates, productivity or energy prices for better investment strategy for the organizations like Caltex Australia and BHP Billiton Petroleum. Current GDP: From the economical data, it has been analysed that GDP of Australia was expanded about 1.8% in the last quarter of 2017. The GDP was about 2.7% in the 2015. From that, it analysed that GDP has been expanded about 1.1% which is a good sign for economical and business conditions (Brigham, 2014). As the value of GDP has been increased for the country, it will certainly enhance economical activities and will create more business opportunities for companies like Caltex Australia and BHP Billiton Petroleum. The increase in GDP of Australia is beneficial for the Companies as there is an increase in the economic activity of the country. Current rate of Interest: Interest rate plays very significant role for economical stability and enables the government to form effective monetary policies in order to enhance economical developments. The interest rate of Australia was 1.5% and 2% in years 2016 and 2016 respectively. It is analysed that reduction in interest rates will surely affect Australian currency as its value has been lowered that will create more exploration opportunities for petroleum companies (Finkler et al, 2016). The variations in economical conditions will affect interest rates and petroleum companies can take benefits of lower rates and can take more loans in order to enhance business operations. This will enable companies to purchase more drilling equipments or tools for petroleum exploration and provide several economical benefits to companies. $AUDs Current Value: From the economical statistics, the current value for one AUD is almost equal to 0.79 US Dollar. This indicates that value of US dollar is significantly high as compared with Australian Dollar. The fluctuation in value of currency will always affect petroleum industry or companies in a huge manner (Gitman et al, 2015). The price changes of crude oil at international market is also affecting overall economical conditions of petroleum companies but at the same time, is also creating more opportunities for companies in Australian market. The reduction of exchange rates is also one of factors which are affecting economical stability of petroleum companies. Current rate of Inflation: Inflation rate is also significant in analysing the economical conditions of country as due to this value of currency decreases whereas, rise in the prices for goods or services. The rate of inflation has been increased in past few months by 1.3% in last quarter of 2017 for Australia (McKinney, 2015). This is low as compared with the past inflation rates in 2015 and 2016 which were about 1.8% and 1.6% respectively. The petroleum companies like Caltex, BHP Billiton Petroleum can take benefits from these lower rates and can create more business expansion opportunities for them. It is also analysed that reduced inflation rates will also help to reduce the rate of interest rates that will create more exploration or business opportunities for petroleum companies like Caltex Australia and BHP Billiton Petroleum. There is direct impact of interest rates on the inflation and can also affect borrowing costs for long term or short term debts of the companies (Bryce, 2017). Increase in rates of interest will make companies to consider mortgages or loans accomplishing their financial needs and at the same time will also affect supply or demand for the petroleum products or services of the companies. Personal income for Disposable: The personal income disposed by the individuals remained after payment of all taxes is also one of the key indicators to measure the economical conditions for business. The present income for disposable in Australia has been increased by 123.09% from 122.52% for years 2015 to 2016. The changes have been also witnessed in income level which is about 0.46% in the present scenario which is a huge difference as compared with 1.03% in the last financial year (Armour et al, 2016). The increase in value of personal income is a good sign for the trades across the region and will create more business opportunities for petroleum companies. It is also analysed that income level of individual across Australia has been raised in significantly in past years which has encouraged petroleum companies to leverage more financial aspects for their exploration and mining activities and also enables them to create more employment opportunities in the petroleum industry (Schiavo-Campo, 2017). This will also provide skilled workforce for petroleum companies to handle their complex business operations like exploration and mining activities and at the same time, also help to expand overall business operations of Caltex Australia and BHP Billiton Petroleum within Australian region. Bottom Up analysis: Bottom up analysis is a significant approach for analysing the investment prospects for the macroeconomic business conditions of the organizations. This approach also enables investor to effectively analyse the financial performance of specific companies instead of overall industry or economy and gives them in-depth information in order to accomplish their investment objectives in more efficient manner (Campbel et al, 2016). The different financial ratios have been analysed for comparing the financial position of Caltex Australia and BHP Billiton Petroleum. (Source: Morning Star, 2017) Profitability Ratio: Overall efficiency of the companies is generally measured by the profitability ratio. Net income, operating income and operating margins are important aspects to analyse this ratio. Operating margins enable the companies to transform their sales into overall revenues. This is important criteria to evaluate performance of business operations of companies and main indicator for different creditors or investors (Henderson et al, 2015). Operating margin for Caltex is 3.5% and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 20.2% in 2017 which indicates that BHP Billiton Petroleum has generated more revenues in 2016 and performed far better than Caltex. Operating income helps to evaluate overall profits for the companies. Operating income for Caltex is 620M AUD and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 6,852M AUD in 2017 which indicates that BHP Billiton Petroleum was more able of payment for its debts and also gained more profits as compared to Caltex (Sweeting, 2017). Net income is also called by net profits and defines the financial stability of the companies. Net income for Caltex is 610M AUD and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 2,488M AUD in 2017 which indicates BHP Billiton Petroleum has higher profitability ratio and has more stable financial position and performance as compared to Caltex. Efficiency Ratio: The effective use of companys assets or liabilities can be measured by the efficiency ratio. Fixed asset turnover and asset turnover ratio are important aspects of efficiency ratios. The investment returns obtained by companies is determined with help of fixed assets turnover (Burton and Brown, 2014). This ratio for Caltex is 6.66 and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 0.41 in 2017 which indicates that BHP Billiton Petroleum is not able to effectively uses its assets as compared to Caltex which is not a positive sign for BHP Billiton Petroleum for its financial market. The amount of revenues generated from companys assets is effectively determined from asset turnover ratio. Asset turnover ratio for Caltex is 3.39 and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 0.29 in 2017 which indicates that BHP Billiton Petroleum has lower turnover ratio for its assets that also represents that business operations of BHP Billiton Petroleum is less efficient as compared to Caltex on basis of different efficiency ratios (Weygandt et al, 2015). Capital Structure: The ratio which enables the companies to determine financial leverage for their investment and also defines financial position of companies in case investment is not done in appropriate manner is called as capital structure. Debt / equity ratio and gearing ratio are important aspects to analyse the capital structure for the companies (DRURY, 2013). Debt / equity ratio for Caltex is 0.25 and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 0.54 in 2017 which indicate that Caltex is in better financial position for equity dependency of its shareholders as compared to BHP Billiton Petroleum. The financial leverages for the companies are determined from the gearing ratios. This also helps to determine amount of finance done by the companies on their overall assets. Gearing ratio for Caltex is 1.90 and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 2.11 which indicates that BHP Billiton Petroleum has invested more on its assets and has better financial leverage as compared to Caltex (Kaplan, 2014). This also signifies that more shareholders are willing to invest in BHP Billiton Petroleum as compared to Caltex which indicates that financial performance of BHP Billiton Petroleum is far better than its competitor Caltex in the petroleum industry. Market Performance: The present share prices for the companies help to analyse their market performance at both domestic as well as global level. Earnings per share (EPS), Dividend per share (DPS), payout ratio as well as book value per share are important aspects to analyse the market performance of the companies. The ratio of net income with respect to average outstanding shares is defined by EPS (Takayasu, 2013). The distribution of profits will be better for the companies in case of higher value for EPS. EPS for Caltex is 4.63 and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 0.93 in 2017 which indicates that Caltex has higher value for EPS as compared to BHP Billiton Petroleum that also signifies that Caltex will efficiently distribute its profits within the marketplace (Coleman, 2016). The amount of dividends will be received by the investors from companies is mainly determined from the dividend per share (DPS). DPS for Caltex is 2.51M AUD and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 1.56M AUD in 2017 which indicates that Caltex has paid higher dividends to its different investors that also signifies better market performance of Caltex as compared to BHP Billiton Petroleum (Ledgerwood et al, 2013). The amount of net income distributed by the companies among all their shareholders is analysed using the payout ratios. The sustainability for market performance is indicated the payout ratios. Payout ratio for Caltex is 54.1% and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 64.5% in 2017 which indicates that dividend distribution capability of BHP Billiton Petroleum is better than Caltex and also signifies that BHP Billiton Petroleum will be in better position to pay dividends to their shareholders and determines amount of stakes sold to stakeholders by companies (Taylor, 2013). The adequate business valuation of companies as compared with their competitors in same industry is analysed using the book value / share. The outstanding shares for stocks are effectively related with their shareholders using the book value / share (Zeff, 2016). BVS for Caltex is 15.97 and for BHP Billiton Petroleum are 21.29 in 2017 which indicates that BHP Billiton Petroleum has higher value for BVS as compared to Caltex which also signifies that market performance of BHP Billiton Petroleum is far better that Caltex and also has higher market capitalisation (Danthine and Donaldson, 2014). Comparative Analysis: From the above discussion and measuring different financial ratios, it has been analysed that there is a huge increment of overall assets for BHP Billiton Petroleum as compared to Caltex in 2017. The company has earned higher profits as compared to different competitors in the petroleum industry. BHP Billiton Petroleum has higher value for different profitability ratios in 2017 which also indicates better financial performance of the company in 2017 (Horowitz, 2014). The amount of revenues generation, operating margins, net income and other factors has also indicated that financial performance of BHP Billiton Petroleum is far better than Caltex in the international as well as domestic market and also has strong market capitalisation. Recommendations: From the report, it is concluded that investor will prefer to invest their money in BHP Billiton Petroleum as compared to Caltex on the basis of their financial performance in 2017. It is analysed that market capitalisation of Caltex is far behind than BHP Billiton Petroleum in 2017 which is not suitable for investors or other creditors. The financial figures has also signified that Asset turnover ratio for Caltex is 3.39 and for BHP Billiton Petroleum is 0.29 in 2017 which indicates that BHP Billiton Petroleum that company has not efficiently used its assets in order to enhance its financial performance (Greenbaum et al, 2015). This signifies that BHP Billiton Petroleum needs to raise more funds from their equities in order to enhance their profitability level. The company also needs to focus on use of their assets in efficient manner that will also help the company to generate more revenues in coming financial years. Further, it is also analysed from this report that profitability level of companies are surely affected from different economic factors that can also hamper their financial performance. Both companies as discussed in this report are major petroleum companies in Australia. The amounts of profit for companies are also affected from increased value for interest rates (Bascom, 2016). From the different financial ratios, it is also concluded that financial performance, capital structure as well as profitability level of BHP Billiton Petroleum is far better than Caltex in both domestic as well as international marketplace. References: APPEA (2016) Key Statistics. [Online]. Available at: https://www.appea.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Key-Stats_2016.pdf (Accessed: 15 September, 2017). Armour, J., Awrey, D., Davies, P., Enriques, L., Gordon, J., Mayer, C. and Payne, J. (2016) Principles of financial regulation.UK: Oxford University Press. Bascom, W. (2016) The economics of financial reform in developing countries.USA: Springer. BHP (2017) About Us. [Online]. Available at: https://www.bhp.com/our-approach/our-company/about-us (Accessed: 15 September, 2017). Brigham, E. (2014) Financial management theory and practice.AU: Atlantic Publishers Distri. Bryce, H. (2017) Financial and strategic management for nonprofit organizations.UK: Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Burton, M. and Brown, B. (2014) The financial system and the economy: Principles of money and banking.UK: Routledge. Caltex (2017) About Us. [Online]. Available at: https://www.caltex.com.au/our-company#show-menu (Accessed: 15 September, 2017). Campbell, J., Jardine, A. and McGlynn, J. (2016) Asset management excellence: optimizing equipment life-cycle decisions.USA: CRC Press. Coleman, W. (2016) Financial services, globalization and domestic policy change.USA: Springer. Danthine, J. and Donaldson, J. (2014) Intermediate financial theory.UK: Academic press. DRURY, C. (2013) Management and cost accounting.USA: Springer. Finkler, S., Smith, D., Calabrese, T. and Purtell, R. (2016) Financial management for public, health, and not-for-profit organizations. AU: CQ Press. Gitman, L., Juchau, R. and Flanagan, J. (2015) Principles of managerial finance.AU: Pearson Higher Education. Greenbaum, S., Thakor, A. and Boot, A. (2015) Contemporary financial intermediation.UK: Academic Press. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B. (2015) Issues in financial accounting. AU: Pearson Higher Education. Horowitz, N. (2014) Art of the deal: Contemporary art in a global financial market.USA: Princeton University Press. Kaplan, J. (2014) Financial markets and the economy.UK: Jay Kaplan. Ledgerwood, J., Earne, J. and Nelson, C. (2013) The new microfinance handbook: A financial market system perspective.USA: World Bank Publications. McKinney, J. (2015) Effective financial management in public and nonprofit agencies.UK: ABC-CLIO. Morning star (2017) BHP Billiton Ltd ADR. [Online]. Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=BHPregion=usaculture=en-US (Accessed: 15 September, 2017). Morning star (2017) Caltex Australia Ltd ADR. [Online]. Available at: https://financials.morningstar.com/ratios/r.html?t=CTXAY (Accessed: 15 September, 2017). Petty, J., Titman, S., Keown, A., Martin, P., Martin, J. and Burrow, M. (2015) Financial management: Principles and applications. AU: Pearson Higher Education. Renz, D. (2016) The Jossey-Bass handbook of nonprofit leadership and management.USA: John Wiley Sons. Schiavo-Campo, S. (2017) Government Budgeting and Expenditure Management: Principles and International Practice.UK: Taylor Francis. Sweeting, P. (2017) Financial enterprise risk management.UK: Cambridge University Press. Takayasu, H. (2013) Empirical science of financial fluctuations: The advent of econophysics.USA: Springer Science Business Media. Taylor, J. (2013) Getting off track: How government actions and interventions caused, prolonged, and worsened the financial crisis.UK: Hoover Press. Weygandt, J., Kimmel, P. and Kieso, D. (2015) Financial Managerial Accounting.USA: John Wiley Sons. Zeff, S. (2016) Forging accounting principles in five countries: A history and an analysis of trends. UK: Routledge.